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Rohit K. Singla, “Missed Opportunities: The Vaccine Act of 1813” (1998):

In February 1813 Congress handily passed and the President enthusiastically signed a piece of ground-breaking legislation which has been long overlooked by legal historians—An Act to Encourage Vaccination.[2] The Act established a national source for uncontaminated, smallpox vaccine. Without any textual basis in the Constitution, [...]